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Calentamiento global
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El calentamiento global es el aumento a largo plazo de la temperatura media del sistema climático de la Tierra. Es un aspecto primordial del cambio climático actual, demostrado por la medición directa de la temperatura y de varios efectos del calentamiento.​​
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Walter Muscheler Emanuel Schelling Solanki
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Field, C. B., et al.
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2007 2005 2001 2014 2012 2013 2010 2011 2008 2009 1996
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Simulations with only natural forcing components included yield an early 20th century peak warming of ≈0.2 °C , which is reduced to about half by the end of the century because of increased volcanism
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Manning, M. Miller, H. L. Tignor, M. The National Academies Press Metz, B.; Davidson, O. R.; Bosch, P. R.; Dave, R.; y Meyer, L. A. Field, C. B., et al. Houghton, J. T.; Ding, Y.; Griggs, D. J.; Noguer, M.; van der Linden, P. J.; Dai, X.; Maskell, K.; y Johnson, C. A. Metz, B.; Davidson, O.; Swart, R.; y Pan, J. David R. Henderson Averyt, K. B. Pachauri, R. K. Bruce, J. P.; Lee, H. y Haites, E. F. Chen, Z. Solomon, S.; Watson, R. T.; y the Core Writing Team Qin, D. McCarthy, J. J.; Canziani, O. F.; Leary, N. A.; Dokken, D. J.; y White, K. S. Karl, T. R.; Melillo. J.; Peterson, T.; Hassol, S. J. Marquis, M. Core Writing Team; Reisinger, A. Stocker, T. F., et al. Parry, M. L.; Canziani, O. F.; Palutikof, J. P.; van der Linden, P. J.; y Hanson, C. E.
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Concise Encyclopedia of Economics
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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William Ruddiman Sami Solanki Thomas Schelling
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Londres, Reino Unido Washington, D.C., EE. UU. Nairobi, Kenia
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Caspar DA N. R. M Onelack DP F. S., 3rd SK CR MJ PS Douglas V. Thomas C. Judith L. AJ J KA Mark B. D GC I AR JC Tim Andrew C RM JP B DJ Bill SA R JL K. Lee James P. A. V. PP F Todd IG RT J.L. William F. BV PG Frank J. KM TP Kai-Uwe
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Journal of Geophysical Research Astrophysical Journal Nature Reviews Microbiology Biophysics Nature Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Geophysical Research Letters Science Climate Change Proceedings of the Royal Society A
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Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Contribution of Working Group III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Contribution of Working Group III to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
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Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Climate Change: Evidence, Impacts, and Choices Molecular Fossil Record of Elevated Methane Levels in Late Pleistocene Coastal Waters Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation Modeling the sun's magnetic field and irradiance since 1713 World Energy Outlook 2009 Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis History of Seawater Carbonate Chemistry, Atmospheric CO2, and Ocean Acidification Interacademy Panel Member Academies Statement on Ocean Acidification Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years Extracting a Climate Signal from 169 Glacier Records Methane bubbling from Siberian thaw lakes as a positive feedback to climate warming The effect of increasing solar activity on the Sun's total and open magnetic flux during multiple cycles: Implications for solar forcing of climate Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group 1 Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 5th Assessment Report Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects . Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum: How Humans Took Control of Climate UNEP Emerging Issues: Environmental Consequences of Ocean Acidification: A Threat to Food Security Invisible in the Storm: the role of mathematics in understanding weather Global Warming – The Blame Is not with the Plants Climate Change 2001: Mitigation Methane Hydrates in Quaternary Climate Change: The Clathrate Gun Hypothesis Experimental evidence for the role of ions in particle nucleation under atmospheric conditions Joint science academies' statement: Global response to climate change Earth's Energy Imbalance: Confirmation and Implications Climate: How unusual is today's solar activity? Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts over Decades to Millennia An updated review of developments in climate science research since IPCC AR4. A report by the AVOID consortium Greenhouse Effect Financial Risks of Climate Change Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years Role of the Biosphere in the Formation of the Earth's Climate: The Greenhouse Catastrophe Federal Advisory Committee Draft Climate Assessment. A report by the National Climate Assessment Development Advisory Committee Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis Rise in Gases Unmatched by a History in Ancient Ice Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report Solar influence on climate during the past millennium: Results from transient simulations with the NCAR Climate Simulation Model Plants revealed as methane source Glaciers and the Changing Earth System: a 2004 Snapshot Environmental issues: essential primary sources Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report n48: America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change; Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions The Impacts of Socioeconomic Development and Climate Change on Severe Weather Catastrophe Losses: Mid-Atlantic Region and the U.S Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Climate Change 1995: A report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Earth's Climate Past and Future Climate change and the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe Understanding and responding to climate change: Highlights of National Academies Reports, 2008 edition, produced by the US National Research Council A discussion of plausible solar irradiance variations, 1700–1992 Guía científica ante el escepticismo sobre el calentamiento global Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change Late Quaternary Atmospheric CH4 Isotope Record Suggests Marine Clathrates Are Stable Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change: A Literature Review Global Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the US National Climate Assessment. NOAA Tech Memo OAR CPO-1
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París, Francia Washington, D.C. Nueva York Nueva Jersey Washington, D.C., EE. UU.
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El calentamiento global es el aumento a largo plazo de la temperatura media del sistema climático de la Tierra. Es un aspecto primordial del cambio climático actual, demostrado por la medición directa de la temperatura y de varios efectos del calentamiento.​​ Los términos calentamiento global y cambio climático a menudo se usan indistintamente,​ pero de forma más precisa calentamiento global es el incremento global en las temperaturas de superficie y su aumento proyectado causado predominantemente por actividades humanas (antrópico),​ mientras que cambio climático incluye tanto el calentamiento global como sus efectos en el clima.​ Si bien ha habido periodos prehistóricos de calentamiento global,​ varios de los cambios observados desde mediados del siglo XX no han tenido precedentes desde décadas a milenios.​​ En 2013, el Quinto Informe de Evaluación (AR5) del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC) concluyó que «es extremadamente probable que la influencia humana ha sido la causa dominante del calentamiento observado desde la mitad del siglo XX».​ La mayor influencia humana ha sido la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero como el dióxido de carbono, metano y óxidos de nitrógeno. Las proyecciones de modelos climáticos resumidos en el AR5 indicaron que durante el presente siglo la temperatura superficial global subirá probablemente 0,3 a 1,7 °C para su más bajas usando mitigación estricta y 2,6 a 4,8 °C para las mayores.​ Estas conclusiones han sido respaldadas por las academias nacionales de ciencia de los principales países industrializados​​ y no son disputadas por ninguna organización científica de prestigio nacional o internacional.​ El cambio climático futuro y los impactos asociados serán distintos en alrededor del globo.​​ Los efectos anticipados incluyen un aumento en las temperaturas globales, una subida en el nivel del mar, un cambio en los patrones de las precipitaciones y una expansión de los desiertos subtropicales.​ Se espera que el calentamiento sea mayor en la tierra que en los océanos y que el más acentuado suceda en el , con el continuo retroceso de los glaciares, el permafrost y la banquisa. Otros efectos probables incluyen fenómenos meteorológicos extremos más frecuentes, tales como olas de calor, sequías, lluvias torrenciales y fuertes nevadas;​ acidificación del océano y extinción de especies debido a regímenes de temperatura cambiantes. Entre sus impactos humanos significativos se incluye la amenaza a la seguridad alimentaria por la disminución del rendimiento de las cosechas y la pérdida de hábitat por inundación.​​ Debido a que el sistema climático tiene una gran inercia y los gases de efecto invernadero continuarán en la atmósfera por largo tiempo, muchos de estos efectos persistirán no solo durante décadas o siglos, sino por decenas de miles de años.​ Las posibles respuestas al calentamiento global incluyen la mitigación mediante la reducción de las emisiones, la adaptación a sus efectos, la construcción de sistemas resilientes a sus impactos y una posible ingeniería climática futura. La mayoría de los países son parte de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC),​ cuyo objetivo último es prevenir un cambio climático antrópico peligroso.​ La CMNUCC ha adoptado una serie de políticas destinadas a reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero​​​​ y ayudar en la adaptación al calentamiento global.​​​​ Los miembros de la CMNUCC han acordado que se requieren grandes reducciones en las emisiones​ y que el calentamiento global futuro debe limitarse muy por debajo de 2,0 °C con respecto al nivel preindustrial​ con esfuerzos para limitarlo a 1,5 °C.​​ La reacción del público al calentamiento global y su preocupación a sus impactos también están aumentando. Un informe global de 2015 por Pew Research Center halló que una media de 54 % lo considera «un problema muy serio». Existen diferencias regionales significativas, con los estadounidenses y chinos, cuyas economías son responsables por las mayores emisiones anuales de CO2, entre los menos preocupados.​
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dbpedia-es:Cambio_climático_global
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dbpedia-es:Calentamiento_global
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dbpedia-es:Crisis_climática
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dbpedia-es:Calentamiento_global
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dbpedia-es:Seguridad_climática
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dbpedia-es:Calentamiento_global